MQTT based Monitoring System for Coal Mine using Raspberry Pi

Subterranean mining environments present atmospheric hazards including toxic gas accumulation, oxygen depletion, and rising ambient temperatures that threaten miner safety. This monitoring network lowers battery-powered sensor nodes into underground galleries to continuously sample atmospheric composition—methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen concentration—alongside temperature and humidity. LoRaWAN radio technology conveys readings over kilometer-range, low-power links to surface gateways, circumventing the connectivity challenges of sub-grade environments. A supervisory control interface visualizes mine health across the tunnel grid, generates work orders when gas concentrations exceed occupational safety thresholds, and correlates ventilation events with environmental readings to optimize airflow management. The system provides early warning of hazardous condition development, enabling proactive evacuation before thresholds become life-threatening.